The most important and best advice when traveling to Turkmenistan

If you are planning to travel to Turkmenistan, safety should be one of your top priorities. Here are some safety tips to consider234:

• Avoid traveling or walking alone, especially at night.
• Avoid isolated areas and pay attention to your surroundings.
• Carry identification at all times, as police carry out checks.
• Keep your money safely hidden on you while traveling around, as you are likely to be carrying far higher amounts of cash.
• Eat only cooked food in Turkmenistan, and peel all fruits and vegetables. Typhoid is common, and can be present in salads and cold meat.
• Do not drink tap water anywhere in Turkmenistan, as it may contain traces of metal. Only drink boiled, purified, filtered, or bottled water and avoid ice cubes in drinks.
• Stay hydrated and cover up to prevent sunburn and heat exhaustion, especially during summer when temperatures can be extreme.
• Avoid border areas with Afghanistan and Iran due to ongoing conflicts and terrorism.
• Women should not travel alone in Turkmenistan, especially at night in the major cities, including the capital. Local women don’t walk around unaccompanied either.

It is important to note that Turkmenistan is a tightly controlled police state with many restrictions in place for both residents and tourists. You must understand this before your visit to ensure you are fully prepared.

When traveling to Turkmenistan, it is important to be aware of the cultural norms and etiquette to avoid offending the locals. Here are some aspects of Turkmenistan culture and etiquette to keep in mind

General customs and traditions:

• Hospitality is highly valued in Turkmenistan, and guests are treated with great respect and generosity. A guest is greeted by the phrase “Khosh geldiniz!” which means “Welcome!”14.
• Turkmen people are highly moral and appreciate sincerity. They value duty, obligation, and honor, and despise light-mindedness, garrulity, and cowardice71214.
• Turkmenistan is a Muslim country, and Islam is the dominant religion. Visitors should respect local customs and dress modestly, especially when visiting mosques or other religious sites13.
• Turkmenistan is a tightly controlled police state with many restrictions in place for both residents and tourists. Visitors should understand this before their visit to ensure they are fully prepared2.

Gift-giving and receiving:

• Gift-giving is an important part of Turkmen culture, and it is customary to bring a small gift when visiting someone’s home. Traditional gifts include sweets, tea, or a small souvenir from your home country5.
• When receiving a gift, it is polite to express gratitude and appreciation. It is also customary to reciprocate with a gift of similar value8.

Food and dining etiquette:

• Bread and salt are considered sacred in Turkmen culture, and it is taboo to step on them14.
• Every meal is accompanied by green tea, which is drunk in large quantities in both cold and hot weather12.
• Turkmenistan’s most popular dish is pilaf, which is cooked from lamb, carrots, rice, and onions. Shurpa, a soup made with mutton broth, potatoes, and tomatoes, is also common6.
• It is customary to praise the Lord before eating, according to tradition. In the East, they say: “Every visitor has been sent by Allah!”8.
• When dining with locals, it is polite to wait for the host to begin eating before starting yourself. It is also customary to leave a small amount of food on your plate to show that you have been satisfied12.

It is important to note that Turkmenistan is a tightly controlled police state with many restrictions in place for both residents and tourists. Visitors should be aware of the strict laws and regulations and respect local customs and traditions to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip.

When traveling to Turkmenistan, it is important to be aware of the cultural norms and etiquette to avoid offending the locals. Here are some aspects of Turkmenistan culture and etiquette to keep in mind12781214:General customs and traditions:

• Hospitality is highly valued in Turkmenistan, and guests are treated with great respect and generosity. A guest is greeted by the phrase “Khosh geldiniz!” which means “Welcome!”14.
• Turkmen people are highly moral and appreciate sincerity. They value duty, obligation, and honor, and despise light-mindedness, garrulity, and cowardice71214.
• Turkmenistan is a Muslim country, and Islam is the dominant religion. Visitors should respect local customs and dress modestly, especially when visiting mosques or other religious sites13.
• Turkmenistan is a tightly controlled police state with many restrictions in place for both residents and tourists. Visitors should understand this before their visit to ensure they are fully prepared2.

Gift-giving and receiving:

• Gift-giving is an important part of Turkmen culture, and it is customary to bring a small gift when visiting someone’s home. Traditional gifts include sweets, tea, or a small souvenir from your home country5.
• When receiving a gift, it is polite to express gratitude and appreciation. It is also customary to reciprocate with a gift of similar value8.

Food and dining etiquette:

• Bread and salt are considered sacred in Turkmen culture, and it is taboo to step on them14.
• Every meal is accompanied by green tea, which is drunk in large quantities in both cold and hot weather12.
• Turkmenistan’s most popular dish is pilaf, which is cooked from lamb, carrots, rice, and onions. Shurpa, a soup made with mutton broth, potatoes, and tomatoes, is also common6.
• It is customary to praise the Lord before eating, according to tradition. In the East, they say: “Every visitor has been sent by Allah!”8.
• When dining with locals, it is polite to wait for the host to begin eating before starting yourself. It is also customary to leave a small amount of food on your plate to show that you have been satisfied12.

It is important to note that Turkmenistan is a tightly controlled police state with many restrictions in place for both residents and tourists. Visitors should be aware of the strict laws and regulations and respect local customs and traditions to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip.

When traveling to Turkmenistan, it is important to dress conservatively and respect local customs and traditions. Here are some dress codes to follow in Turkmenistan127810:

• Men should avoid wearing shorts, especially in public places. It is recommended to wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing made of cotton or other natural fabrics to stay cool in the hot, dry climate.
• Women should avoid wearing shorts and sleeveless tops, especially in more conservative areas. It is recommended to wear long dresses or skirts that cover the knees and arms, and to avoid tight-fitting clothing. Women should also cover their heads when visiting mosques or other religious sites.
• Traditional Turkmen clothing is still widely worn in the country, not just for tourist or festive occasions. Women’s traditional clothing includes a dress or shirt with a straight cut, trousers, a robe, and a headdress, which indicates the woman’s marital status. The collar and sleeves of women’s clothing are often decorated with intricate embroidery78.
• When visiting Turkmenistan, it is also important to pack appropriate clothing for the weather. During the summer months, lightweight clothing is recommended, while in the winter, warm clothing is necessary. It is also important to pack comfortable shoes, especially when visiting the countryside26.
• It is important to note that the Turkmen government has introduced restrictions on women’s appearance and beauty culture, as well as on personal freedoms related to travel and abortion access. Women are no longer allowed to wear tight-fitting clothes, such as blue jeans or swimsuits, or Western-style white wedding dresses. Instead, Turkmen women are encouraged to wear national attire consisting of a hand-embroidered, ankle-length, long-sleeved dress of brightly colored fabric and theubetejka (national hat) decorated with colored threads12.

In summary, when traveling to Turkmenistan, it is important to dress modestly and respect local customs and traditions. Men should avoid wearing shorts, and women should avoid wearing shorts and sleeveless tops. It is also important to pack appropriate clothing for the weather and comfortable shoes.

When traveling to Turkmenistan, here are some important and best advice to keep in mind:

1. Visa and Entry Requirements: Obtain a visa before arriving in Turkmenistan. The visa process can be complex, so it’s advisable to contact the Turkmenistan embassy or consulate in your home country well in advance to understand the requirements and allow sufficient processing time.
2. Restricted Areas and Photography: Turkmenistan has several restricted areas, including border regions and military installations. It is important to respect these restrictions and avoid unauthorized access or photography in such areas. Always ask for permission before taking photographs, especially of government buildings or individuals.
3. Register with the Authorities: Upon arrival in Turkmenistan, ensure that you register your presence with the State Migration Service within three days. Your hotel or host may assist you with this registration process.
4. Respect for Local Customs: Turkmenistan has a conservative culture, and it is essential to respect local customs and traditions. Dress modestly, particularly in religious sites and public areas. It is advisable for women to cover their shoulders and avoid wearing short skirts or revealing clothing.
5. Currency and Banking: The official currency of Turkmenistan is the Turkmenistan Manat (TMT). It is recommended to carry sufficient cash in local currency, as credit cards and traveler’s checks are not widely accepted. There are limited ATMs available, primarily in major cities.
6. Language: The official language of Turkmenistan is Turkmen. While English is not widely spoken, you may find some English-speaking individuals, particularly in tourist areas and larger cities. Learning a few basic Turkmen phrases can be helpful in communicating with locals.
7. Transportation: Public transportation options in Turkmenistan are limited. Taxis and private drivers are commonly used for transportation within cities and for inter-city travel. It is advisable to negotiate fares in advance or ensure that the taxi meter is used.
8. Health and Safety: Ensure that you have adequate travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and repatriation. It is also recommended to carry a basic first-aid kit and any necessary medications. Drink bottled water and take precautions to prevent foodborne illnesses. Be cautious of your personal belongings and avoid displaying signs of wealth or carrying large amounts of cash.
9. Internet and Communication: Internet access is limited in Turkmenistan, and some websites and social media platforms may be inaccessible. International roaming may not be available for all mobile networks. It is advisable to check with your service provider regarding coverage and consider purchasing a local SIM card for communication.
10. Cultural Sites and Etiquette: Turkmenistan has several cultural and historical sites, such as the ancient city of Merv and the capital city of Ashgabat. When visiting mosques, mausoleums, or other religious sites, it is important to dress modestly, remove your shoes when required, and follow any specific rules or customs observed at the site.

It is essential to conduct thorough research and stay updated on the current situation and any travel advisories related to Turkmenistan before your trip. Following these guidelines will help ensure a smoother and more enjoyable travel experience in Turkmenistan.

1. Photography Restrictions: Turkmenistan has strict regulations regarding photography. Avoid taking photos of government buildings, military installations, and sensitive areas without permission. It is advisable to ask for permission before taking pictures of locals, as some may be uncomfortable with being photographed.
2. Restricted Items: Certain items are restricted or prohibited from being brought into Turkmenistan. These include satellite phones, GPS devices, and certain medications. It’s recommended to check the latest customs regulations and restrictions before traveling to avoid any issues at the border.
3. Transportation: Public transportation options within Turkmenistan are limited, and the country is vast. Private taxis, hired drivers, or organized tours are common ways to get around. Ensure you agree on the fare in advance or use a metered taxi to avoid any misunderstandings. It’s also important to note that roads outside major cities may be in poor condition.
4. Accommodation: Turkmenistan offers a range of accommodation options, including hotels, guesthouses, and homestays. In major cities like Ashgabat and Mary, you’ll find more upscale hotels, while smaller towns may have basic guesthouses or homestays. It’s recommended to book accommodation in advance, especially during peak travel seasons.
5. Currency Exchange: The official currency of Turkmenistan is the Turkmenistan Manat (TMT). Currency exchange services are available at banks and exchange offices. It’s advisable to carry enough cash in local currency, as credit cards are not widely accepted outside major hotels and establishments.
6. Internet and Communication: Internet access in Turkmenistan is limited, and some websites and social media platforms may be restricted. Wi-Fi availability may vary, especially outside major cities. International roaming may not be available for all mobile networks, so it’s advisable to check with your provider or consider purchasing a local SIM card for mobile data.
7. Local Customs and Etiquette: Turkmenistan has a strong cultural heritage and observing local customs and etiquette is important. It’s customary to greet people with a handshake and show respect to elders. Dress modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites, and remove your shoes when required. It’s also polite to accept food or drink offerings when visiting someone’s home.
8. Safety and Security: Turkmenistan is generally considered a safe country to visit. However, it’s always advisable to take common-sense precautions. Be mindful of your belongings, avoid displaying signs of wealth, and use reputable transportation and accommodation services. Stay informed about the local situation and follow any travel advisories issued by your home country.
9. Health Considerations: Before traveling to Turkmenistan, it’s recommended to consult a healthcare professional or travel clinic to inquire about necessary vaccinations and health precautions. Medical facilities in Turkmenistan may be limited, especially outside major cities. Travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and evacuation is highly recommended.
10. Language: The official language of Turkmenistan is Turkmen. Russian is also widely spoken, particularly among older generations. English proficiency is limited, so it can be helpful to learn some basic Turkmen or Russian phrases to facilitate communication.

Remember to check for the latest travel advisories and guidelines from your home country’s embassy or consulate before visiting Turkmenistan. Respect the local culture, embrace the country’s unique heritage, and enjoy your journey through this fascinating Central Asian nation!

1. Climate: Turkmenistan has a desert climate, characterized by hot summers and cold winters. Summers can be scorching, with temperatures exceeding 40°C (104°F) in some areas. Winters are cold, with temperatures dropping below freezing, especially in the northern parts of the country. Spring and autumn are generally more moderate and comfortable for outdoor activities.
2. Festivals and Events: Turkmenistan celebrates various cultural and national festivals throughout the year. One of the most significant events is Turkmenistan Independence Day on October 27th, commemorating the country’s independence from the Soviet Union. Other festivals include Turkmen Carpet Day, Horse Day, and Melon Day, which showcase the country’s cultural traditions and agricultural heritage.
3. Silk Road Heritage: Turkmenistan has a rich historical connection to the Silk Road, a network of ancient trade routes connecting East and West. The country is home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the ancient city of Merv, the ruins of Nisa, and the Kunya-Urgench archaeological site. These sites offer insights into Turkmenistan’s historical significance and architectural marvels.
4. Traditional Arts and Crafts: Turkmenistan is renowned for its traditional arts and crafts, particularly carpet weaving. Turkmen carpets are highly esteemed worldwide for their intricate designs and craftsmanship. You can visit carpet workshops and markets in cities like Ashgabat and Mary to witness the artistry and purchase authentic Turkmen carpets as souvenirs.
5. Cuisine: Turkmen cuisine reflects the nomadic heritage of the country, with influences from Central Asia, Persia, and the Middle East. Traditional dishes include pilaf (rice dish), shashlik (grilled skewered meat), manti (dumplings), and various types of bread. Chal, a fermented camel milk drink, is a specialty in Turkmenistan. Don’t forget to try the wide variety of delicious melons, which are a significant part of Turkmen cuisine.
6. Natural Attractions: Turkmenistan boasts diverse natural landscapes, including the vast Karakum Desert, the Kopet Dag Mountains, and the unique gas crater known as the “Door to Hell” (Darvaza Gas Crater). These natural wonders offer opportunities for adventure, such as hiking, camping, and desert exploration.
7. Souvenirs: When it comes to souvenirs, Turkmenistan offers a range of unique options. Apart from Turkmen carpets, you can find traditional jewelry, embroidered textiles, silverware, and camel hair products. Handicraft markets in major cities are the best places to explore and purchase these authentic local items.
8. Traveling Outside the Capital: While Ashgabat, the capital city, offers modern amenities and attractions, exploring the regions outside the capital can provide a deeper understanding of Turkmenistan’s culture and traditions. Visit cities like Mary, Turkmenabat, and Dashoguz to explore historical sites, local markets, and experience the lifestyle in different regions of the country.
9. Currency Exchange: Turkmenistan operates on a cash-based economy, and credit card acceptance is limited. It’s advisable to carry sufficient cash in local currency (Turkmenistan Manat) for your expenses. Currency exchange services are available at banks, exchange offices, and some hotels.
10. Travel Permits: Some areas in Turkmenistan, particularly near the borders, require special permits for access. If you plan to visit restricted areas, it’s essential to obtain the necessary permits in advance. Your tour operator or travel agency can assist you with the permit application process.

Remember to check for the latest travel advisories and guidelines from your home country’s embassy or consulate before visiting Turkmenistan. Respect the local customs, traditions, and laws while enjoying the country’s rich cultural heritage and natural beauty. Safe travels and have a wonderful time exploring Turkmenistan!

1. Architecture and Modernization: Turkmenistan is known for its unique and grandiose architecture, particularly in the capital city of Ashgabat. The city is adorned with opulent and futuristic buildings, including the iconic Independence Monument, Alem Cultural and Entertainment Center, and the Presidential Palace. Exploring the city’s architectural marvels is a fascinating experience.
2. Turkmenbashi’s Legacy: Saparmurat Niyazov, known as Turkmenbashi, was the president of Turkmenistan from 1991 until his death in 2006. His cult of personality left a significant mark on the country. Turkmenbashi’s image, monuments, and ideological references can still be seen throughout Turkmenistan, particularly in Ashgabat.
3. Turkmenistan’s Neutrality: Turkmenistan is recognized as a neutral country by the United Nations. The country follows a policy of neutrality and non-alignment, aiming to maintain peaceful relations with all nations. This neutrality is often emphasized in Turkmenistan’s foreign policy and reflected in its diplomatic engagements.
4. Turkmen Hospitality: Turkmen people are known for their warm hospitality and friendliness towards visitors. It is not uncommon for locals to invite travelers into their homes for tea or meals as a gesture of hospitality. Embrace these interactions and engage with the locals to gain insights into their way of life.
5. Traditional Sports and Games: Turkmenistan has a rich tradition of sporting events and games. Galkynysh, a form of traditional wrestling, is a popular sport in the country. Other traditional games, such as altybakan (horseback racing), yagly guryjyk (camel racing), and oguzkhan (traditional archery), are also celebrated during cultural festivals.
6. Nature Reserves and Wildlife: Turkmenistan is home to several protected nature reserves and national parks, offering opportunities for nature enthusiasts. The Köpetdag Nature Reserve, located near Ashgabat, is known for its diverse flora and fauna. The Badkhyz State Nature Reserve, in the southwest, is renowned for its unique desert ecosystems and rare species.
7. Turkmen Music and Dance: Music and dance play an integral part in Turkmen culture. Traditional music features instruments such as dutar (a two-stringed lute), gidzhak (a bowed string instrument), and shirma (a small drum). Folk dances, such as the Lezgi and Yzgeler, are performed during celebrations and cultural events.
8. Traditional Clothing: Traditional Turkmen clothing is colorful and vibrant. Women often wear long, flowing dresses with intricate embroidery known as beshik toi. Men traditionally wear a long robe called a chapan. You may have the opportunity to witness locals dressed in traditional attire during festivals or cultural gatherings.
9. Turkmen National Museum: The Turkmen National Museum in Ashgabat showcases the country’s rich history, culture, and archaeological discoveries. It houses an impressive collection of artifacts, including ancient jewelry, pottery, and historical relics that provide insights into Turkmenistan’s past.
10. Turkmenistan’s National Flag: Turkmenistan has a distinctive national flag featuring a vertical green stripe on the hoist side, a vertical red stripe on the fly side, and a vertical white crescent moon and five white stars in the top left corner. The flag represents the country’s Islamic heritage and its aspirations for unity and progress.

Turkmenistan offers a unique blend of ancient traditions, modern developments, and natural beauty. Exploring the country’s cultural heritage, engaging with its friendly people, and experiencing its diverse landscapes will undoubtedly make your visit to Turkmenistan a memorable one.

When visiting religious sites in Turkmenistan, it is important to dress conservatively and respect local customs and traditions. Women should cover their arms, legs, and hair, and opt for loose-fitting clothes that don’t cling to their form. They should also avoid wearing shorts and sleeveless tops, especially in more conservative areas. Men should avoid wearing shorts and should wear long trousers that allow for both mild and cool weather. They can wear short-sleeved tops into mosques and do not need to cover their hair. Visitors should also pack appropriate clothing for the weather and comfortable shoes, especially when visiting the countryside. Although there is no specific dress code for religious sites, it is important to dress modestly and respect local customs and traditions to ensure a safe and enjoyable trip